2.1. 支持的硬件

Debian 不会超出 Linux 内核与 GNU 工具集所支持的硬件范围之外。因此,任何被移植了 Linux 内核、libc、gcc 等,并拥有对应的 Debian 移植版的硬件体系或平台都可以运行 Debian。请参考移植页面 http://www.debian.org/ports/mips/ 以了解更多已被 Debian GNU/Linux 测试过的 32-bit Mips (big-endian) 体系。

本章仅包含一些通用的信息,以及在何处可以获得更多信息的指导,而不是试图列出支持 32-bit Mips (big-endian) 的所有不同硬件配置。

2.1.1. 支持的体系

Debian GNU/Linux 9 supports ten major architectures and several variations of each architecture known as flavors.

体系 Debian 命名 子体系 Flavor
Intel x86-based i386    
AMD64 & Intel 64 amd64    
ARM armel Marvell Kirkwood and Orion marvell
Versatile versatile
带 FPU 的 ARM armhf multiplatform armmp
multiplatform for LPAE-capable systems armmp-lpae
64bit ARM arm64    
MIPS (big endian) mips MIPS Malta (32 bit) 4kc-malta
MIPS Malta (64 bit) 5kc-malta
Cavium Octeon octeon
MIPS (little endian) mipsel MIPS Malta (32 bit) 4kc-malta
MIPS Malta (64 bit) 5kc-malta
Cavium Octeon octeon
Loongson 3A loongson-3
IBM/Motorola PowerPC powerpc    
Power Systems ppc64el IBM POWER8 or newer machines  
64bit IBM S/390 s390x 来自 VM-reader 和 DASD 的 IPL generic

本文档主要讲述的是 32-bit Mips (big-endian) 体系下的安装。如果您在寻找其他 Debian 所支持的体系的信息,请访问 Debian-Ports 网页。

2.1.2. CPU,主板和视频支持

Debian on 32-bit Mips (big-endian) supports the following platforms:

  • SGI IP22: this platform includes the SGI machines Indy, Indigo 2 and Challenge S. Since these machines are very similar, whenever this document refers to the SGI Indy, the Indigo 2 and Challenge S are meant as well.

  • SGI IP32: this platform is generally known as SGI O2.

  • MIPS Malta: this platform is emulated by QEMU and is therefore a nice way to test and run Debian on MIPS if you don't have the hardware.

Complete information regarding supported mips/mipsel/mips64el machines can be found at the Linux-MIPS homepage. In the following, only the systems supported by the Debian installer will be covered. If you are looking for support for other subarchitectures, please contact the debian-mips mailing list.

2.1.2.1. CPU

Debian 安装系统支持 big endian MIPS 上的 SGI IP22、SGI Indy、Indigo 2 和具有 R4000、R4400、R4600 和 R5000 处理器的 Challenge S。对于 SGI IP32,当前只支持 R5000。

Some MIPS machines can be operated in both big and little endian mode. For little endian MIPS, please read the documentation for the mipsel and mips64el architectures.

2.1.3. 多处理器

多处理器支持 — 又称 symmetric multiprocessing 或 SMP — 在本体系架构下可以使用,并且有一个预编译的 Debian 内核映象已经开启这项功能。支持 SMP 的内核默认是否被安装,取决于您的安装介质。这并不会影响安装,因为非 SMP 的内核也能在 SMP 的系统下启动,只不过内核只使用第一个 CPU。

为了利用多处理器,您应该确认支持 SMP 的内核软件包是否被安装,如果没有,请选择一个合适的内核软件包。

您可以自己定制内核来支持 SMP。可以在 第 8.6 节 “编译新内核” 找到相关的讨论。当前(内核版本 3.16)启用 SMP 的方法是在内核配置的 Kernel type 中选择 Multi-Processing support

2.1.4. Graphics Hardware Support

Debian's support for graphical interfaces is determined by the underlying support found in X.Org's X11 system, and the kernel. Basic framebuffer graphics is provided by the kernel, whilst desktop environments use X11. Whether advanced graphics card features such as 3D-hardware acceleration or hardware-accelerated video are available, depends on the actual graphics hardware used in the system and in some cases on the installation of additional firmware images (see 第 2.2 节 “需要固件的设备”).

Details on supported graphics hardware and pointing devices can be found at http://xorg.freedesktop.org/. Debian 9 ships with X.Org version 7.7.

X.Org 的 X 窗口系统仅支持 SGI Indy 和 O2。

2.1.5. 网络连接硬件

几乎所有被 Linux 内核支持的网卡 (NIC) 都被安装系统支持;驱动程序通常会自动加载。

2.1.6. 外围设备与其他硬件

Linux supports a large variety of hardware devices such as mice, printers, scanners, PCMCIA/CardBus/ExpressCard and USB devices. However, most of these devices are not required while installing the system.